Lesiones cutáneas relacionadas con la dependencia en el paciente crítico pronado. Estudio de incidencia / Dependency-related skin lesions in the prone critical patient. Incidence study

Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de las lesiones cutáneas relacionadas con la dependencia (LCRD) en los pacientes en decúbito prono (DP) e identificar los factores predisponentes. Método: Estudio descriptivo-longitudinal en 2 unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI) polivalentes. Se incluyeron pacientes con ventilación mecánica invasiva y DP, sin lesiones al ingreso. Se registraron 3 tipos de LCRD: (lesiones por presión [LPP], lesiones cutáneas asociadas a la humedad [LESCAH] y lesiones por fricción [LF]), variables demográficas, diagnóstico, estancia, episodios en DP, cambios posturales, APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Disease Classification System), prealbúmina al ingreso, índice de masa corporal (IMC), diabetes, hipertensión arterial, tabaquismo, enfermedad vascular periférica (EVP), fármacos vasoactivos, escala de Braden y mortalidad. Análisis bivariante: prueba de χ2, t-Student o U de Mann-Whitney. Multivariante: regresión logística. Resultados: Se incluyeron 49 pacientes. Se realizaron 170 DP. Aparecieron 41 LCRD en 22 pacientes con una incidencia acumulada del 44,9% (IC 95%: 31,6-58,7). El 63,4% LPP (73,1% faciales; 76,9% categoría II), el 12,2% LESCAH (60% inguinales; 60% categoría II) y el 24,4% LF (50% torácicas; 70% categoría III). La mediana de edad del grupo con lesiones (GCL) fue de 66,5 (61,8-71,3) frente al 64 (43-71) años del grupo sin lesiones (GSL); p=0,04. El 80% del GCL tenía EVP frente al 20% del GSL; p=0,03. La mediana de horas totales en DP del GCL fue de 96,9 (56,1-149,4) frente a 38,2 (18,8-57) del GSL; p<0,001. El análisis multivariante seleccionó horas totales DP (OR: 1,03; IC 95%: 1,01-1,05) y la EVP (OR: 8,9; IC 95%: 1,3-58,9) como factores predisponentes para desarrollar LCRD. Conclusiones: Existe una elevada incidencia de LCRD en DP, mayoritariamente lesiones por presión, aunque de baja severidad. Las horas acumuladas en DP y la enfermedad vascular periférica favorecen su desarrollo.(AU)

Objective: To determine the incidence of dependence-related skin lesions (DRSL) in patients in prone position (PP) and to identify the predisposing factors. Method: Follow-up study in two polyvalent intensive care units. Patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation and PP with no skin lesions on admission were included. We recorded the 3 types of DRSL:(pressure ulcers (PU), moisture-associated skin damage (MASD) and friction injuries (FI)), demographic variables, diagnosis, length of stay, PP episodes, postural changes, APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Disease Classification System), prealbumin level on admission, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, hypertension, smoking, peripheral vascular disease (PVD), vasoactive drugs, Braden scale and mortality. Bivariate analysis: Chi-square test, t-test or Mann-Whitney U test. Multivariate analysis: logistic regression. Results: Forty nine patients were included and 170 PP were performed. Forty-one DRSL appeared in 22 patients with a cumulative incidence of 44.9% (95% CI: 31.6-58.7). PU accounted for 63.4% (73.1% facial; 76.9% stage II), 12.2% were MASD (60% inguinal; 60% stage II) and 24.4% were FI (50% thoracic; 70% stage III). The median age of the lesion group (LG) was 66.5 (61.8-71.3) vs 64 (43-71) years old in the non-lesion group (NLG), P=.04. Eighty percent of the LG had PVD vs 20% of the NLG, p=0.03. The median total hours on PP of the LG was 96.9 (56.1-149.4) vs 38.2 (18.8-57) of the NIG, P<.001. Multivariate analysis selected total PP hours (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01-1.05) and PVD (OR: 8.9; 95% CI: 1.3-58.9) as predisposing factors for developing DRSL. Conclusions: There is a high incidence of skin lesions related to prone decubitus dependence, mostly pressure lesions, although of low severity. The accumulated hours in probe position and peripheral vascular disease favor their development.(AU)

Dependency-related skin lesions in the prone critical patient. Incidence study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of dependence-related skin lesions (DRSL) in patients in prone position (PP) and to identify the predisposing factors. METHOD: Follow-up study in two polyvalent intensive care units. Patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation and PP with no skin lesions on admission were included. We recorded the 3 types of DRSL: (pressure ulcers [PU], moisture-associated skin damage [MASD] and friction injuries [FI]), demographic variables, diagnosis, length of stay, PP episodes, postural changes, APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Disease Classification System), prealbumin level on admission, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, hypertension, smoking, peripheral vascular disease (PVD), vasoactive drugs, Braden scale and mortality. Bivariate analysis: chi-square test, t-test or Mann-Whitney U test. Multivariate analysis: logistic regression. RESULTS: Forty nine patients were included and 170PP were performed.Forty-one DRSL appeared in 22 patients with a cumulative incidence of 44.9% (95%CI: 31.6-58.7). PU accounted for 63.4% (73.1% facial; 76.9% stage II), 12.2% were MASD (60% inguinal; 60% stage II) and 24.4% were FI (50% thoracic; 70% stage III). The median age of the lesion group (LG) was 66.5 [61.8-71.3] vs. 64 [43-71] years old in the non-lesion group (NLG), p=0.04. Eighty percent of the LG had PVD vs. 20% of the NLG, p=0.03. The median total hours on PP of the LG was 96.9 [56.1-149.4] vs. 38.2 [18.8-57] of the NIG, p<0.001. Multivariate analysis selected total PP hours (OR=1.03; 95%CI:1.01-1.05) and PVD (OR=8.9; 95%CI:1.3-58.9) as predisposing factors for developing DRSL. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high incidence of skin lesions related to prone decubitus dependence, mostly pressure lesions, although of low severity.The accumulated hours in probe position and peripheral vascular disease favor their development.

Comparación de los resultados hemodinámicos y respiratorios entre dos posiciones quirúrgicas para la nefrolitotomía percutánea: ensayo clínico prospectivo y aleatorizado / Comparison of hemodynamic and respiratory outcomes between two surgical positions for percutaneous nephrolithotomy: A prospective, randomized clinical trial

Introducción La nefrolitotomía percutánea (NLPC) se ha consolidado como el gold standard en el tratamiento de cálculos renales de gran tamaño y complejidad. Objetivos El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad de la NLPC realizada en pacientes en posición de decúbito lateral frente a decúbito prono. Métodos En nuestro ensayo prospectivo aleatorizado, 60 pacientes programados para NLPC guiada por fluoroscopia y ecografía en decúbito prono o lateral se dividieron en dos grupos. Se compararon las características demográficas, los parámetros hemodinámicos, respiratorios y metabólicos, las puntuaciones de dolor postoperatorio, la necesidad de analgésicos, la cantidad de líquido administrado, la pérdida de sangre y las transfusiones, el tiempo quirúrgico y la estancia hospitalaria, y las complicaciones perioperatorias. Resultados Se determinó que la PaO2, la SaO2, la SpO2 y el índice de reserva de oxígeno (ORi) en el minuto60 del procedimiento y en el periodo postoperatorio, el índice de variabilidad pletismográfica (PVi) en el minuto60, la presión de distensión en todos los periodos de tiempo y el volumen del sangrado durante la intervención fueron superiores en el grupo de decúbito prono, de forma estadísticamente significativa. No hubo diferencias entre los grupos en cuanto a otros parámetros. Conclusiones Según nuestros resultados, la posición de decúbito lateral puede ser de preferencia en los procedimientos de NLPC, teniendo en cuenta que esta debe elegirse con base en la experiencia del cirujano, las características anatómicas y fisiológicas del paciente, los efectos positivos sobre los parámetros respiratorios y el sangrado, y que el tiempo quirúrgico puede disminuir al aumentar la experiencia (AU)

Introduction Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) has become the gold standard for the treatment of large and complex kidney stones. Objectives The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PCNL for patients in the flank position versus prone position. Methods In our prospective randomized trial, 60 patients who would undergo fluoroscopy and ultrasound-guided PCNL in prone or flank position were divided into two groups. Demographic features, hemodynamics, respiratory and metabolic parameters, postoperative pain scores, analgesic requirements, amount of fluid given, blood loss and transfusion, duration of operation and hospital stay, and perioperative complications were compared. Results PaO2, SaO2, SpO2 and oxygen reserve index (ORi) at the 60th minute of the operation and in the postoperative period, pleth variability index (PVi) at the 60th minute of the operation, driving pressure in all time periods and the amount of bleeding during the operation were determined to be statistically significantly higher in the prone group. There was no difference between the groups in terms of other parameters. Was found to be statistically significantly higher in the prone group. Conclusions Due to our results the flank position can be preferred in PCNL operations, considering that the position should be chosen according to the surgeon's experience, the patient's anatomical and physiological data, positive effects on respiratory parameters and bleeding, and the operation time can be shortened as the experience increases (AU)

Efecto de la duración del decúbito prono en pacientes con SDRA durante la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 / Effect of duration of prone position in ARDS patients during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Objetivo: Describir las características de los pacientes con síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo por neumonía bilateral por COVID-19 en ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI) y analizar el efecto del decúbito prono prolongado>24h (DPP) respecto al decúbito prono<24h (DP). Diseño: Estudio observacional retrospectivo descriptivo. Análisis uni y bivariante. Ámbito: Servicio de Medicina Intensiva del Hospital General Universitario de Elche. Participantes: Pacientes con neumonía por SARS-CoV-2 (2020-2021) en VMI por síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo moderado-severo. Intervenciones: VMI. Maniobras de DP. Variables de interés principales: Sociodemográficas; analgosedación; bloqueo neuromuscular; DP (duración), estancia y mortalidad en UCI, días de VMI; complicaciones no infecciosas; infecciones asociadas a la asistencia sanitaria. Resultados: Cincuenta y un pacientes precisaron DP y de ellos 31 (69,78%) requirieron DPP. No se encontraron diferencias en las características iniciales de los pacientes (sexo, edad, comorbilidades, gravedad inicial, o en el tratamiento antiviral y antiinflamatorio recibido). Los pacientes con DPP presentaron menor tolerancia a la ventilación en decúbito supino (61,29 vs. 89,47%, p=0,031), mayor estancia hospitalaria (41 vs. 30 días, p=0,023), más días de VMI (32 vs. 20 días, p=0,032), mayor duración del tratamiento con bloqueo neuromuscular (10,5 vs. 3 días, p=0,0002), así como un mayor porcentaje de episodios de obstrucción del tubo orotraqueal (48,39 vs. 15%, p=0,014). Conclusiones: El DPP se asoció con mayor uso de recursos y complicaciones en pacientes con síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo moderado-severo por COVID-19. (AU)

Objective: To describe the characteristics of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome due to bilateral COVID-19 pneumonia on invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and analyze the effect of prolonged prone decubitus>24h (PPD) compared to prone decubitus<24h (PD). Design: Retrospective observational descriptive study. Uni and bivariate analysis. Setting: Department of Intensive Care Medicine. General University Hospital of Elche. Participants: Patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (2020–2021) in VMI for moderate-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, ventilated in PD. Interventions: IMV. PD maneuvers. Main variables of interest: Sociodemographic; analgo-sedation; neuromuscular blockade; PD (duration), ICU stay and mortality, days of IMV; non-infectious complications; health care-associated infections. Results: Fifty-one patients required PD and of these 31 (69.78%) required PPD. No differences were found in patient characteristics (sex, age, comorbidities, initial severity, antiviral and anti-inflammatory treatment received). Patients on PPD had lower tolerance to supine ventilation (61.29 vs. 89.47%, p=0.031), longer hospital stay (41 vs. 30 days, p=0.023), more days of IMV (32 vs. 20 days, p=0.032), longer duration of neuromuscular blockade (10.5 vs. 3 days, p=0.0002), as well as a higher percentage of episodes of orotracheal tube obstruction (48.39 vs. 15%, p=0.014). Conclusions: PPD was associated with higher resource use and complications in patients with moderate-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome by COVID-19. (AU)

Decúbito prono en pacientes COVID-19 con síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo y ventilación mecánica invasiva / Prone positioning in Covid-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and invasive mechanical ventilation

Objetivos: Identificar eventos adversos secundarios al decúbito prono (DP) en pacientes con COVID-19 con síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo (SDRA) moderado/severo, analizar los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de úlceras por presión (UPP) en DP y describir la evolución oximétrica de estos pacientes durante el DP. Método: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo realizado sobre 63 pacientes ingresados en la UCI de un hospital de segundo nivel, con neumonía por SARS-CoV-2, SDRA moderado/severo, ventilación mecánica invasiva, que precisaron maniobras de DP, durante marzo y abril de 2020. Se usó un muestreo no probabilístico consecutivo y se analizaron las variables seleccionadas a través de una regresión logística. Resultados: Se realizaron un total de 139 sesiones de pronación. La mediana de sesiones fue de 2 [1-3] y la duración de 22 h [15-24] por sesión. La aparición de eventos adversos ocurrió en 84,9% de los casos, siendo los fisiológicos (por ejemplo, hiper/hipotensión) los más frecuentes. Al comparar pacientes pronados que mantuvieron la integridad cutánea (34 de 63 pacientes, 54%) vs. los que desarrollaron UPP (29 de 63, 46%), estos últimos presentaron los siguientes factores de riesgo: mayor edad, ser hipertensos, prealbúmina < 21 mg/dL, mayor número de sesiones de prono y mayor gravedad al ingreso. Se observó un incremento significativo entre la PaO2/FiO2 previa al DP y en los diferentes cortes temporales durante el prono, además de una caída significativa tras despronar. Conclusiones: Existe una alta incidencia de eventos adversos debidos al DP, siendo los de tipo fisiológico los más frecuentes. La identificación de varios factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de UPP ayudará a prevenir la aparición de estas lesiones durante la pronación. La terapia de DP en pacientes COVID-19 con SDRA moderado/severo ha demostrado una mejora en los parámetros de oxigenación.(AU)

Objective: To identify adverse events related to prone positioning in COVID-19 patients with severe disease and acute respiratory distress syndrome, to analyze the risk factors associated with the development of anterior pressure ulcers, to determine whether the recommendation of prone positioning is associated with improved clinical outcomes. Methods: Retrospective study performed in 63 consecutive patients with COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to intensive care unit on invasive mechanical ventilation and treated with prone positioning between March and April 2020. Association between prone-related pressure ulcers and selected variables was explored by the means of logistic regression. Results: A total of 139 proning cycles were performed. The mean number of cycles were 2 [1-3] and the mean duration per cycle was of 22 hours [15-24]. The prevalence of adverse events this population was 84.9%, being the physiologic ones (i.e., hypo/hypertension) the most prevalent. 29 out of 63 patients (46%) developed prone-related pressure ulcers. The risk factors for prone-related pressure ulcers were older age, hypertension, levels of pre-albumin < 21 mg/dL, the number of proning cycles and severe disease. We observed a significant increase in the PaO2/FiO2 at different time points during the prone positioning, and a significant decrease after it. Conclusions: There is a high incidence of adverse events due to PD, with the physiological type being the most frequent. The identification of the main risk factors for the development of prone-related pressure ulcers will help to prevent the occurrence of these lesions during the prone positioning. Prone positioning offered an improvement in the oxygenation in these patients.(AU)

Effect of the duration of prone position in ARDS patients during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to bilateral COVID-19 pneumonia on invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and to analyze the effect of prone position >24 h (prolonged) (PPP) compared to prone decubitus <24 h (PP). DESIGN: A retrospective observational descriptive study was carried out, with uni- and bivariate analyses. SETTING: Department of Intensive Care Medicine. Hospital General Universitario de Elche (Elche, Alicante, Spain). PARTICIPANTS: Patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (2020-2021) on IMV due to moderate-severe ARDS, ventilated in prone position (PP). INTERVENTIONS: IMV. PP maneuvers. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Sociodemographic characteristics, analgo-sedation, neuromuscular blockade (NMB), PD duration, ICU stay and mortality, days of IMV, non-infectious complications, healthcare associated infections. RESULTS: Fifty-one patients required PP, and of these, 31 (69.78%) required PPP. No differences were observed in terms of patient characteristics (gender, age, comorbidities, initial severity, antiviral and antiinflammatory treatment received). Patients on PPP had poorer tolerance to supine ventilation (61.29% vs 89.47%, p = 0.031), longer hospital stay (41 vs 30 days, p = 0.023), more days of IMV (32 vs 20 days, p = 0.032), longer duration of NMB (10.5 vs 3 days, p = 0.0002), as well as a higher percentage of episodes of orotracheal tube obstruction (48.39% vs 15%, p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS: PPP was associated with greater resource use and complications in patients with moderate-severe ARDS due to COVID-19.

Comparison of hemodynamic and respiratory outcomes between two surgical positions for percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a prospective, randomized clinical trial.

INTRODUCTION: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) has become the gold standard for the treatment of large and complex kidney stones. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for patients in the flank position versus prone position. METHODS: In our prospective randomized trial, 60 patients who would undergo fluoroscopy and ultrasound-guided PCNL in prone or flank position were divided into two groups. Demographic features, hemodynamics, respiratory and metabolic parameters, postoperative pain scores, analgesic requirements, amount of fluid given, blood loss and transfusion, duration of operation and hospital stay, and perioperative complications were compared. RESULTS: PaO2, SaO2, SpO2 and Oxygen Reserve Index (ORi) at the 60th minute of the operation and in the postoperative period, Pleth Variability index (PVi) at the 60th minute of the operation, driving pressure in all time periods and the amount of bleeding during the operation were determined to be statistically significantly higher in the prone group. There was no difference between the groups in terms of other parameters. Was found to be statistically significantly higher in the prone group. CONCLUSIONS: Due to our results the flank position can be preferred in PCNL operations, considering that the position should be chosen according to the surgeon's experience, the patient's anatomical and physiological data, positive effects on respiratory parameters and bleeding, and the operation time can be shortened as the experience increases.

Prone positioning in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and invasive mechanical ventilation.

OBJECTIVE: To identify adverse events related to prone positioning in COVID-19 patients with severe disease and acute respiratory distress syndrome, to analyze the risk factors associated with the development of anterior pressure ulcers, to determine whether the recommendation of prone positioning is associated with improved clinical outcomes. METHODS: Retrospective study performed in 63 consecutive patients with COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to intensive care unit on invasive mechanical ventilation and treated with prone positioning between March and April 2020. Association between prone-related pressure ulcers and selected variables was explored by the means of logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 139 proning cycles were performed. The mean number of cycles were 2 [1-3] and the mean duration per cycle was of 22h [15-24]. The prevalence of adverse events this population was 84.9 %, being the physiologic ones (i.e., hypo/hypertension) the most prevalent. 29 out of 63 patients (46%) developed prone-related pressure ulcers. The risk factors for prone-related pressure ulcers were older age, hypertension, levels of pre-albumin <21mg/dl, the number of proning cycles and severe disease. We observed a significant increase in the PaO2/FiO2 at different time points during the prone positioning, and a significant decrease after it. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high incidence of adverse events due to PD, with the physiological type being the most frequent. The identification of the main risk factors for the development of prone-related pressure ulcers will help to prevent the occurrence of these lesions during the prone positioning. Prone positioning offered an improvement in the oxygenation in these patients.

Impacto del decúbito prono en pacientes con COVID-19 grave en un hospital de agudos de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires / Impact of the prone positioning in patients with severe COVID-19 in an acute care hospital in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires

Introducción: El decúbito prono fue la estrategia más utilizada en pacientes con CO VID-19 e hipoxemia refractaria. Nuestro objetivo fue describir las características clínicas y evolución de los pacientes con COVID-19 grave que requirieron este procedimiento. Evaluar la relación entre factores de riesgo y mortalidad. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo observacional. Se incluyeron los pacientes mayores de 18 años con COVID-19 bajo asistencia respiratoria mecánica que requirieron decúbito prono. Se efectuó seguimiento durante 28 días. Se registraron las complicaciones asociadas al decúbito prono. Se analizaron factores asociados a la mortalidad utilizando regresión de Cox. Resultados: Se realizó decúbito prono en 28 pacientes. La edad promedio fue de 52,43 años y una mediana de índice de Charlson de 1 [0,00, 2,00]. La mediana de días de asistencia respiratoria mecánica fue de 17,00 [RIQ 13,00, 23,00] y un 28,6% logró ser extubado. La mediana de días en UTI fue de 19,50 [RIQ 14.00, 23.50] con una mortalidad del 53,6%. El 35,7% necesitó dos ciclos de decúbito prono con una duración predominante de 24-36 h. El 89,4% tuvo lesiones de úlceras por presión. Los que fallecieron tuvieron menos días de UTI (16 vs. 28; p = 0,006) y solo uno de ellos había logrado ser extubado (1 vs. 7, p = 0,011). No se encontraron factores asociados a la mortalidad en la regresión de Cox. Conclusión: La población estudiada resultó predominantemente masculina y de edad promedio cercana a la quinta década de vida, con una mortalidad aproximada al 50%. No se encontró relación estadísticamente significativa entre factores de riesgo y mortalidad.

Introduction: Prone positioning (PP) was the most used strategy in patients with CO VID-19 and refractory hypoxemia. Our objective was to describe the clinical character istics and evolution of patients with severe Covid-19 who required this procedure. Also to evaluate the relationship between risk factors and mortality. Materials and method: Observational retrospective descriptive study. Patients older than 18 years old with COVID-19 under mechanical ventilation (AVM) who required PP were included. Follow-up was carried out for 28 days. Complications associated with PP were recorded. Factors associated with mortality were analyzed using Cox regression. Results: Prone position was performed in 28 patients. The average age was 52.43 years and a median Charlson Score of 1 [0.00, 2.00]. The median number of days of AVM was 17.00 [IQR 13.00, 23.00] and 28.6% managed to be extubated. The median number of days in the ICU was 19.50 [IQR 14.00, 23.50] with a mortality of 53.6%. 35.7% needed 2 PD cycles with a predominant duration of 24-36 hours. 89.4% had pressure ulcers. Those who died spent fewer days in ICU (16 vs 28; p=0.006) and only one of them had managed to be extubated (1 vs 7, p = 0.011). No factors associated with mortality were found in the Cox regression. Conclusion: The study population consisted predominantly of males in an average age close to the fifth decade, with an approximate mortality of 50%. No statistically significant relationship was found between risk factors and mortality.

Pacientes críticos COVID-19. ¿Han variado el manejo y los resultados en la UCI tras un año de pandemia? Estudio multicéntrico, prospectivo, observacional / Critical patients COVID-19 has changed the management and outcomes in the ICU after 1 year of the pandemic? A multicenter, prospective, observational study

Objetivo: Comparar las características clínicas, los tratamientos y la evolución de los pacientes críticos con neumonía por COVID-19 atendidos en unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI) tras un año de pandemia. Metodología: Estudio multicéntrico, prospectivo, en el que se incluyó pacientes críticos COVID-19 en 9 UCI del noroeste de España. Se compararon las características clínicas, los tratamientos y la evolución de pacientes ingresados en UCI durante los meses de marzo-abril de 2020 (periodo1) con pacientes ingresados en enero-febrero de 2021 (periodo2). Resultados: Se incluyeron 337 pacientes (98 en el periodo1 y 239 en el periodo2). En el periodo2 menos pacientes requirieron ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI) (65% vs 84%, p<0,001), utilizándose con mayor frecuencia cánulas nasales de alto flujo (CNAF) (70% vs 7%, p<0,001), ventilación mecánica no invasiva (VMNI) (40% vs 14%, p<0,001), corticoides (100% vs 96%, p=0,007) y posición de decúbito prono tanto en pacientes despiertos (42% vs 28%, p=0,012) como en pacientes intubados (67% vs 54%, p=0,034). Los días de VMI, de estancia en UCI y hospitalaria fueron inferiores en el periodo2. La mortalidad fue similar en los dos periodos estudiados (16% vs 17%). Conclusiones: Tras un año de pandemia, observamos que en los pacientes ingresados en UCI se ha utilizado con mayor frecuencia CNAF, VMNI, uso del decúbito prono y corticoides, disminuyendo los pacientes en VMI, así como los tiempos de estancia en UCI y de estancia hospitalaria. La mortalidad ha sido similar en los dos periodos a estudio.(AU)

Objective: To compare the clinical characteristics, treatments, and evolution of critical patients with COVID-19 pneumonia treated in intensive care units (ICU) after one year of pandemic. Methodology: Multicenter, prospective study, which included critical COVID-19 patients in 9 ICUs in northwestern Spain. The clinical characteristics, treatments, and evolution of patients admitted to the ICU during the months of March-April 2020 (period1) were compared with patients admitted in January-February 2021 (period2). Results: 337 patients were included (98 in period1 and 239 in period2). In period2, fewer patients required invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) (65% vs. 84%, P<.001), using high-flow nasal cannulas (CNAF) more frequently (70% vs. 7%, P<.001), ventilation non-invasive mechanical (NIMV) (40% vs. 14%, P<.001), corticosteroids (100% vs. 96%, P=.007) and prone position in both awake (42% vs. 28%, P=.012), and intubated patients (67% vs. 54%, P=.034). The days of IMV, ICU stay and hospital stay were lower in period2. Mortality was similar in the two periods studied (16% vs. 17%). Conclusions: After one year of pandemic, we observed that in patients admitted to the ICU, CNAF, NIMV, use of the prone position, and corticosteroids have been used more frequently, reducing the number of patients in IMV, and the length of stay in the ICU and hospital stay. Mortality was similar in the two study periods.(AU)

Critical patients COVID-19 has changed the management and outcomes in the ICU after 1 year of the pandemic? A multicenter, prospective, observational study.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical characteristics, treatments, and evolution of critical patients with COVID-19 pneumonia treated in Intensive Care Units (ICU) after one year of pandemic. METHODOLOGY: Multicenter, prospective study, which included critical COVID-19 patients in 9 ICUs in northwestern Spain. The clinical characteristics, treatments, and evolution of patients admitted to the ICU during the months of March-April 2020 (period 1) were compared with patients admitted in January-February 2021 (period 2). RESULTS: 337 patients were included (98 in period 1 and 239 in period 2). In period 2, fewer patients required invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) (65% vs 84%, p < 0.001), using high-flow nasal cannulas (CNAF) more frequently (70% vs 7%, p < 0.001), ventilation non-invasive mechanical (NIMV) (40% vs 14%, p < 0.001), corticosteroids (100% vs 96%, p = 0.007) and prone position in both awake (42% vs 28%, p = 0.012), and intubated patients (67% vs 54%, p = 0.034). The days of IMV, ICU stay and hospital stay were lower in period 2. Mortality was similar in the two periods studied (16% vs 17%). CONCLUSIONS: After 1 year of pandemic, we observed that in patients admitted to the ICU, CNAF, NIMV, use of the prone position, and corticosteroids have been used more frequently, reducing the number of patients in IMV, and the length of stay in the ICU and hospital stay. Mortality was similar in the two study periods.

Decúbito prono prolongado: una estrategia no ventilatoria en neumonía grave por SARS-CoV-2 / Prono position: a non-ventilatory strategy in patients with severe pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2 / Posição prona prolongada: uma estratégia não ventilatória em pneumonia grave devido a SARS-CoV-2

Resumen: Introducción: La neumonía grave por SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) ocasiona hipoxemia severa, por lo anterior, las guías para el manejo de pacientes adultos críticamente enfermos con COVID-19 recomiendan el uso de la posición decúbito prono para mejorar la oxigenación. Material y métodos: Estudio de cohorte, prospectivo, descriptivo y analítico. Pacientes ingresados a la unidad de cuidados intensivos en el periodo comprendido entre el 18 de abril de 2020 y el 18 de agosto de 2021 con ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI) secundaria a neumonía grave por SARS-CoV-2 confirmados. Resultados: En el periodo comprendido se incluyeron 110 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Del total, 88 pacientes se incluyeron en el grupo de mejoría sostenida al retiro del prono y 22 en el grupo de mejoría no sostenida al retiro del prono. Se observó que la disminución del porcentaje de la PaO2/FiO2 al retiro del prono es útil para predecir mortalidad con ABC de 0.740 con IC95% de (0.646-0.834) y p = 0.001. Conclusión: La disminución > 50% de la PaO2/FiO2 al retiro de la posición decúbito prono prolongado o mejoría no sostenida es un predictor de mortalidad en los pacientes con neumonía grave por SARS-CoV-2.

Abstract: Introduction: Severe pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) causes severe hypoxemia, therefore, the guidelines for the management of critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 recommend the use of the prone position to improve oxygenation. Material and methods: A prospective, descriptive and analytical cohort study. Patients admitted to the intensive care unit in the period from April 18, 2020 to August 18, 2021 with confirmed IMV secondary to severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Results: In the period covered, 110 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included. Of the total, 88 patients were included in the group with sustained improvement at prone withdrawal and 22 in the group with non-sustained improvement at prone withdrawal. It was observed that the% Decrease in PaO2/FiO2 upon prone removal is useful to predict mortality with AUC of 0.740 with 95% CI of (0.646-0.834) and p = 0.001. Conclusion: A > 50% decrease in PaO2/FiO2 upon removal from prolonged prone position or unsustained improvement is a predictor of mortality in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.

Resumo: Introdução: A pneumonia grave por SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) causa hipoxemia grave, portanto, as diretrizes para o manejo de pacientes adultos criticamente doentes com COVID-19 recomendam o uso da posição prona para melhorar a oxigenação. Material e métodos: Estudo de coorte, prospectivo, descritivo e analítico. Pacientes admitidos na unidade de terapia intensiva no período entre 18 de abril de 2020 e 18 de agosto de 2021 com VMI secundária a pneumonia grave por SARS-CoV-2 confirmadas. Resultados: No período abrangido, incluíram-se 110 pacientes que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Do total, 88 pacientes foram incluídos no grupo melhora sustentada na retirada da posição prona e 22 no grupo melhora não sustentada na retirada da posição prona. Observou-se que a % de diminuição da PaO2/FiO2 na retirada da pronação é útil para predizer mortalidade com ABC de 0.740 com IC de 95% de (0.646-0.834) e p = 0.001. Conclusão: Uma diminuição > 50% na PaO2/FiO2 após a retirada da posição prona prolongada ou melhora não sustentada é um preditor de mortalidade em pacientes com pneumonia grave por SARS-CoV-2.

Complicaciones del decúbito prono en pacientes con covid19 desde octubre de 2020 a agosto de 2021 en la unidad de terapia intensiva adultos / Prone position complications in patients with covid19 from october 2020to august 2021 in the adult intensive care unit

La pandemia por SARS Covid 19 ha exigido una rápida respuesta del equipo de salud en las unidades de cuidados intensivos a nivel mundial. El uso de estrategias terapéuticas ya conocidas como el decúbito prono (DP) para el cuidado del paciente con distres respiratorio e hipoxemia grave refractaria trajo aparejado una serie de complicaciones, por lo cual resulta crucial el registro de las mismas para su posterior análisis. El objetivo general de esta investigación fue analizar las complicaciones del decúbito prono en pacientes con Covid19 desde octubre de 2020 a agosto de 2021 en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Adultos ­Sanatorio Allende Córdoba. Objetivos específicos Describir la población según condiciones socio demográficas, identificar y categorizar las principales complicaciones registradas. Material y método: el tipo de estudio fue descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal. La población (n=235) pacientes, la técnica fue análisis documental de las historias clínicas Resultados: Las características sociodemográficas de la población estudiada, el 26 % fueron mujeres y el 74% varones. De días de internación el 31% corresponde de 3 a 10 días, el 26% entre 21 a 30 días, el 23% entre de 11 a 20 días, el 12 % comprende de 31 a 40 días; el 6% entre de 41 a 50 días y solo el 2% requirió de 60 a 70 días. La presencia de obesidad correspondió en esta población al 51%. Duración de la técnica de decúbito prono, se destaca que el 45% estuvo entre 16 a 36 hs, el 41% entre de 6 a 12 hs. y el 14% restante entre de 40 a 74 hs. En relación a aparición de ulceras por presión (UPP) y localización se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: el 37% corresponde a la zona de labios, el 29% a la zona de la frente, el 23% se localizaron en zona de rodillas, el 11% correspondió a la pared anterior de tórax. Presencia de edema o lesiones mucosas el 55% presento edema facial y el 45% edema conjuntival. El 69% presento lesión mucosa lingual y el 31 % ulcera corneal[AU]

The SARS Covid 19 pandemic has required a rapid response from the health team in intensive care units worldwide. Te use of wellknown therapeutic strategies such as the prone position (PD) for the care of patients with respiratory distress and severe refractory hypoxemia brought with it a series of complications, which is why their registration is crucial for their subsequent analysis. Te general objective of this research was to analyze the complications of prone decubitus in patients with Covid19 from October 2020 to August 2021 at the Adult Intensive Care Unit - Sanatorio Allende Córdoba. Specifc objectives describe the population according to socio-demographic conditions, identify and categorize the main complications recorded. Te type of study was descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional. Te patient population (n = 235), the document analysis technique, the medical records instrument Te following results were obtained: Te sociodemographic characteristics of the studied population, 26% were women and 74% were men. Of days of hospitalization, 31% correspond from 3 to 10 days, 26% between 21 to 30 days, 23% between 11 to 20 days, 12% comprise from 31 to 40 days; 6% between 41 to 50 days and only 2% required 60 to 70 days. Te presence of obesity corresponded to 51% in this population. Duration of the prone decubitus technique, it stands out that 45% were between 16 to 36 hours, 41% between 6 to 12 hours. and the remaining 14% between 40 to 74 hours. Regarding the appearance of pressure ulcers and location, the following results: 37% corresponded to the lip area, 29% to the forehead area, 23% were located in the knee area, only 11% corresponded to the wall anterior thorax. Presence of edema or mucosal lesions, 55% presented facial edema and 45% conjunctival edema. 69% presented lingual mucosa lesions and 31% corneapl ulcers[AU]

A pandemia de SARS Covid 19 exigiu uma resposta rápida da equipe de saúde em unidades de terapia intensiva em todo o mundo. A utilização de estratégias terapêuticas bem conhecidas, como a posição prona (DP) para o atendimento de pacientes com desconforto respiratório e hipoxemia refratária grave, trouxe consigo uma série de complicações, razão pela qual seu registro é fundamental para sua posterior análise. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi analisar as complicações do decúbito prono em pacientes com Covid 19 no período de outubro de 2020 a agosto de 2021 na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Adulto - Sanatório Allende Córdoba. Objetivos específcos Descrever a população de acordo com as condições sociodemográfcas, identifcar e categorizar as principais complicações registradas. O tipo de estudo foi descritivo, retrospectivo e transversal. A população de pacientes (n = 235), a técnica de análise documental, o instrumento de prontuário Foram obtidos os seguintes resultados: As características sociodemográfcas da população estudada, 26% eram mulheres e 74% eram homens. Dos dias de internação, 31% correspondem de 3 a 10 dias, 26% de 21 a 30 dias, 23% de 11 a 20 dias, 12% compreendem de 31 a 40 dias; 6% entre 41 a 50 dias e apenas 2% requer 60 a 70 dias. A presença de obesidade correspondeu a 51% nesta população. Duração da técnica de decúbito prono, destaca-se que 45% fcaram entre 16 a 36 horas, 41% entre 6 a 12 horas. e os restantes 14% entre 40 a 74 horas. Em relação ao aspecto e localização da ulceras por preseao, os seguintes resultados: 37% correspondiam à região dos lábios, 29% à região da fronte, 23% localizavam-se na região do joelho, apenas 11% correspondiam à parede anterior do tórax. Presença de edema ou lesões de mucosa, 55% apresentavam edema facial e 45% edema conjuntival. 69% apresentavam lesões de mucosa lingual e 31% úlceras de córnea[AU]

[Posterior Retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy in the prone position. Initial experience.] / Suprarrenalectomía retroperitoneoscópica en decúbito prono. Experiencia inicial.

OBJECTIVE: Transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy (TLA) is considered the treatment of choice for small and benign adrenal tumors. In the recent years, posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy (PRA) has gained popularity due to its advantages over TLA, presenting a shorter surgical time and a faster recovery without increasing complications. Conversely, a greater learning curve is considered because the use of a different and unusual surgical field. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Our objective is to describe the PRA technique to ass our initial experience evaluating its feasibility, safety and effectiveness in a prospective series of patients. A total of 11 (9 left and 2 right) PRA performed between March 2017 and February 2020 were analyzed. RESULTS: Median age was 55 (36-65) years with a median BMI of 25.69 (20.8-34.5) Kg/m2. 54.55% had ASA≥3. 63.37% of adrenal tumors were hormonally functional. The tumor mean size was 4 cm (0.6-8) and cortical adenoma was the predominant pathological anatomy (72.72%). No pheochromocytoma was operated. Median operative time was 87 minutes (35-125) with an intraoperative bleeding of 50 (0-300) mL. No patient presented intraoperative complications or reconversion. Median length of stay was 1 (1-6) days. Only one patient presented postoperative complications. CONCLUSION: The PRA is feasible, reproducible and safe, even during the initial learning curve, presenting a clear early recovery with a shorter surgical time.

OBJETIVO: La suprarrenalectomía laparoscópica transperitoneal (SLT) se considera el tratamiento de elección de los tumores suprarrenales benignos y de pequeño tamaño. En los últimos años el acceso retroperitoneoscópico en decúbito prono (SRP) ha ganado popularidad por las ventajas que ofrece con respecto a la SLT, al emplear un menor tiempo quirúrgico y obtener una recuperación más rápida sin aumentar las complicaciones, a expensas de una curva de aprendizaje dificultada por emplear un campo quirúrgico diferente al habitual.MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Nuestro objetivo es describir la técnica quirúrgica de SRP y nuestra experiencia inicial evaluando su factibilidad, seguridad y efectividad en una serie prospectiva de pacientes. Se analizaron un total de 11 SRP (9 izquierdas y 2 derechas) realizadas entre marzo de 2017 y febrero de 2020. RESULTADOS: La mediana de edad fue de 55 (36-65) años con un IMC de 25,69 Kg/m2 (20,8-34,5). El 54,55% tenía un ASA≥3. El 63,37% de los tumores suprarrenales fueron hormonalmente funcionantes. El tamaño medio fue de 4 cm (0,6-8), siendo el adenoma cortical la anatomía patológica predominante (72,72%). No se realizó ningún feocromocitoma. La mediana de tiempo quirúrgico fue de 87 minutos (35-125) con un sangrado intraoperatorio de 50mL (0-300). Ningún paciente presentó complicaciones intraoperatorias o reconversión. La mediana de días de ingreso fue de1 (1-6) día. Sólo un paciente presentó complicaciones postoperatorias. CONCLUSIONES: La SRP es factible, reproducible y segura, incluso durante la curva de aprendizaje inicial, presentando una clara recuperación temprana con un tiempo quirúrgico corto.

The use of supine PNL technique for a tubeless procedure and shorter hospital stay: A comparison of supine and prone PNL procedures in 361 cases. / El uso de la técnica de NLP en decúbito supino para un procedimiento sin cámara y una estancia hospitalaria más corta: una comparación de los procedimientos de NLP en decúbito supino y prono en 361 casos.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of prone and supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy (P/SPNL) with special emphasis on tubeless (T) and totally tubeless (TT) surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective, single-surgeon, consecutive series comparison study involved 361 consecutive patients who under went PNL operations in either the prone or Galdakao-modified Valdivia supine positions between September 2016 and March 2020. Indication for surgery was a stone diameter greater than 2 cm. The two groups were compared in terms of preoperative demographics, stone parameters, and perioperative data. RESULTS: The groups were similar in terms of preoperative demographics, while the blood transfusion rate was insignificantly higher in PPNL (7% vs 3.3%, p=0.165). Mean operative time (58.0±20.6 vs 54.1±15.9 min., respectively, p=0.165), fluoroscopy time (p=0.895), and Clavien complication rates (p=0.87) were similar. SPNL exhibited a significantly (p<0.001) higher rate of T operations (23, 37.7%) than PPNL (46, 15.3%). TT cases were also higher with SPNL (14% vs 29.5%,p=0.003). Urine leakage (p=0.085) and post-operative JJ stent placement (p=0.180) rates were statistically similar between the two groups. Length of hospital stay was approximately one day shorter for T cases in both groups (PPNL: 1.37±0.80 vs 2.26±1.28 days, p=0.001; SPNL: 1.65±0.83 vs 2.76±2.27 days, p=0.028). Stone free rates were 91.3% and 88.5% for PPNL and SPNL, respectively (p=0.488). CONCLUSION: SPNL has proved to be as safe and effective as its prone counter part, with similar stone-free and complication rates. T and TT-PNL seem more viable with SPNL, which will increase patient comfort and allow shorter hospitalization times.

OBJETIVO: Comparar la eficacia y seguridad de la nefrolitotomía percutánea en decúbito prono y supino (P/SPNL) con especial énfasis en la cirugía tubeless (T) y totalmente tubeless (TT).MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Este estudio comparativo retrospectivo, de un solo cirujano, de series consecutivas, involucró a 361 pacientes consecutivos que se sometieron a operaciones de NLP en decúbito prono o en decúbito supino Valdivia modificado por Galdakao entre septiembre de 2016 y marzo de 2020. La indicación para la cirugía fue un diámetro de cálculo mayor de 2cm. Los dos grupos se compararon en términos de datos demográficos preoperatorios, parámetros de cálculos y datos perioperatorios. RESULTADOS: Los grupos fueron similares en términos de demografía preoperatoria, mientras que la tasa de transfusión de sangre fue insignificantemente mayor en PPNL (7% vs 3,3%, p=0,165). El tiempo operatorio medio (58,0 ± 20,6 vs 54,1 ± 15,9 min., respectivamente , p=0,165), el tiempo de fluoroscopia (p=0,895) y las tasas de complicaciones de Clavien (p=0,87) fueron similares. SPNL exhibió una tasa significativamente más alta (p<0,001) de operaciones T (23, 37,7%) que PPNL (46, 15,3%). Los casos de TT también fueron mayorescon SPNL (14% vs 29,5%, p=0,003). Las tasasde pérdida de orina (p=0,085) y colocación de stentJJ postoperatorio (p=0,180) fueron estadísticamente similares entre los dos grupos. La duración de la estancia hospitalaria fue aproximadamente un día más corta para los casos T en ambos grupos (PPNL: 1,37 ± 0,80vs 2,26 ± 1,28 días, p=0,001; NPSP: 1,65 ± 0,83 vs 2,76 ± 2,27 días, p=0,028). Las tasas de ausencia de cálculos fueron 91,3% y 88,5% para PPNL y SPNL ,respectivamente (p=0,488).CONCLUSIÓN: La NLPS ha demostrado ser tan segura y eficaz como su contraparte en decúbito prono, con tasas similares de complicaciones y ausencia de cálculos. T y TT-PNL parecen más viables con SPNL, lo que aumentará la comodidad del paciente y permitirá tiempos de hospitalización más cortos.

Ventilación en decúbito prono en el síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda del adulto por el virus SARS CoV-2 / Prone positioning ventilation in acute respiratory distress in adults due to the SARS CoV-2 virus / Ventilação na posição prona na síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo em adultos devido ao vírus SARS CoV-2

RESUMEN La posición en decúbito prono es una estrategia usada para mejorar los niveles de oxigenación en pacientes con síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda. Actualmente se utiliza en la prevención del deterioro ventilatorio en complicaciones generadas por el virus SARS CoV-2. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir elementos actualizados concernientes a la posición en decúbito prono en pacientes infectados por el virus SARS CoV-2,con y sin ventilación artificial. Bajo esta primicia se realizó una pesquisa en Google Scholar, PudMed y SciELO regional con referencia a las investigaciones publicadas en los últimos 10 años. La búsqueda se realizó bajo los términos: ventilación en decúbito prono/técnica/ventajas/efecto, entre otras. Se seleccionaron 63 referencias que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. La evidencia actual reporta una mejoría en la oxigenación y homogeneidad ventilatoria con el uso de la técnica. Con repercusión positiva en la disminución del grado de severidad, el reclutamiento pulmonar yla supervivencia. Fundamentalmente en pacientes con hipoxemia refractaria secundaria al distrés respiratorio agudo. El proceder representa una técnica sencilla y fácil de aprender, la cual puede ser utilizada también en pacientes sin apoyo ventilatorio invasivo. Esta ventaja posibilita evitar la intubación orotraqueal con los riesgos y complicaciones que conlleva.

ABSTRACT Prone position is a strategy used to improve oxygenation levels in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. It is currently used in the prevention of ventilatory deterioration in complications generated by the SARS CoV-2 virus. The objective of this review is to describe updated elements concerning the prone position in patients infected by SARS CoV-2 virus, with and without artificial ventilation. For this purpose, a search was carried out in Google Scholar, PudMed and regional SciELO with reference to research published in the last 10 years. The search was carried out under the terms: prone ventilation/technique/advantages/effect, among others. Sixty-three references that met the inclusion criteria were selected. Current evidence reports an improvement in oxygenation and ventilatory homogeneity with the use of the technique. With positive repercussions in the reduction of the degree of severity, pulmonary recruitment and survival. Fundamentally in patients with refractory hypoxemia secondary to acute respiratory distress. The procedure represents a simple and easy to learn technique, which can also be used in patients without invasive ventilatory support. This advantage makes it possible to avoid orotracheal intubation with its associated risks and complications.

RESUMO A posição prona é uma estratégia utilizada para melhorar os níveis de oxigenação em pacientes com síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo. Atualmente é usado na prevenção da deterioração ventilatória em complicações geradas pelo vírus SARS CoV-2. O objetivo desta revisão é descrever elementos atualizados sobre a posição prona em pacientes infectados pelo vírus SARS CoV-2, com e sem ventilação artificial. Sob esse furo, foi realizada uma busca no Google Scholar, PudMed e SciELO regional com referência às pesquisas publicadas nos últimos 10 anos. A busca foi realizada nos termos: ventilação em prona / técnica / vantagens / efeito, entre outros. Foram selecionadas 63 referências que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Evidências atuais relatam melhora na oxigenação e homogeneidade ventilatória com o uso da técnica. Com impacto positivo na redução do grau de gravidade, recrutamento pulmonar e sobrevivência. Principalmente em pacientes com hipoxemia refratária secundária a dificuldade respiratória aguda. O procedimento representa uma técnica simples e de fácil aprendizado, que também pode ser utilizada em pacientes sem suporte ventilatório invasivo. Essa vantagem permite evitar a intubação orotraqueal com os riscos e complicações que ela acarreta.

Efectos del decúbito prono en el tratamiento de síndrome respiratorio agudo en pacientes con Covid-19 / Effects of the prone position in the treatment of acute respiratory syndrome in patients with COVID-19

Objetivo principal: Medir los efectos del decúbito prono sobre los parámetros ventilatorios en el tratamiento de pacientes con síndrome respiratorio agudo secundario a COVID-19. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, prospectivo, se analizaron 103 pacientes con síndrome respiratorio agudo secundario (SDRA) a COVID-19. Se colocó a los pacientes en decúbito prono (DP) por 16 horas continuas y se monitorizaron parámetros ventilatorios como presión arterial de oxígeno (PaO2), saturación de oxígeno (SatO2) y relación entre presión parcial de oxígeno y fracción inspirada de oxígeno (PaO2/FiO2). Resultados principales: La concentración de FiO2 disminuyó de 100% en posición supina a 69% en prono, la PaO2/FiO2 se incrementó de 74 a 122 milímetros de mercurio (mmHg), la PaO2 basal se registró en 51 mmHg y posterior al cambio de posición fue de 89 mmHg, igualmente la SatO2 mejoró de 84% a 93%. Conclusión principal: El DP puede mejorar significativamente los valores de PaO2, SatO2, así como la relación PaO2/FiO2, y en general, el estado clínico del paciente con SDRA. (AU)

Objective: To measure the effects of the prone position on ventilatory parameters in the treatment of patients with acute respiratory syndrome secondary to COVID-19. Methods: Through a descriptive, cross-sectional, prospective study, a sample of 103 patients with acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS) secondary to COVID-19 was studied. The patients were placed in the prone position indefinitely and clinical ventilatory parameters were monitored such as blood pressure oxygen (PaO2), oxygen saturation (SatO2) and relationship between partial pressure of oxygen and inspired fraction of oxygen (PaO2 / FiO2). Results: The concentration of FiO2 decreased from 100% in the supine position to 69% in the prone position, the PaO2 / FiO2 increased from 74 to 122 millimeters of mercury (mmHg), the basal PaO2 was recorded at 51 mmHg and after the change in position it was of 89 mmHg, also the SatO2 improved from 84% to 93%. Conclusions: The prone position can significantly improve the PaO2, SatO2 values, as well as the PaO2 / FiO2 ratio, and in general, the clinical status of the patient with ARDS. (AU)

Early prone positioning therapy for patients with mild COVID-19 disease

Objective: In December 2019, Wuhan, China, experienced an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Some patients admitted to our hospital were treated with early prone positioning (PP). Here, we analyzed its clinical significance.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study. We defined the early PP group as mild COVID-19 patients who were placed into a prone position within 24h of admission; others served as the control group. We recorded basic data and outcomes of early PP and compared the results to those of controls.ResultsAfter 1 day of treatment, oxygenation was greater in the early PP group than in the control group (P/F: 421.6±39.74 vs. 382.1±38.84mmHg [1mmHg=0.133kPa], p<0.01). And early PP group spent less total time in prone position (11.1±4.17 vs. 16.9±5.20 days, p<0.01), and required shorter hospitalization duration (12.2±4.49 vs. 23.2±4.83 days, p<0.001).ConclusionsEarly PP treatment can improve hypoxia and shorten the prone position time and hospitalization duration in mild COVID-19 patients. It is a potential clinically applicable intervention. (AU)

Objetivo: En diciembre de 2019, Wuhan, China, experimentó un brote de enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Algunos pacientes ingresados en nuestro hospital fueron tratados con posicionamiento temprano en decúbito prono (PP). En este estudio analizamos su significación clínica.MétodosEstudio retrospectivo observacional en el que definimos el PP temprano como aquellos pacientes con COVID-19 que fueron posicionados en decúbito prono dentro de las 24 horas siguientes a su ingreso, sirviendo el resto de los pacientes como grupo control. Registramos los datos básicos y los resultados de PP temprano, comparando dichos resultados con los de los controles.ResultadosTras un día de tratamiento, la oxigenación fue más alta en el grupo PP temprano que en el grupo control (P/F: 421,6 ± 39,74 vs. 382,1 ± 38,84 mmHg [1 mmHg=0,133 kPa], p < 0,01). El grupo PP temprano pasó menor tiempo total en posición de decúbito prono (11,1 ± 4,17 vs. 16,9 ± 5,20 días, p < 0,01), y requirió menor tiempo de hospitalización (12,2 ± 4,49 vs. 23,2 ± 4,83 días, p < 0,001).ConclusionesEl tratamiento de PP temprano puede mejorar la hipoxia y reducir el tiempo de posición en decúbito prono en pacientes con COVID-19 leve. Se trata de una intervención potencialmente aplicable desde el punto de vista clínico. AObjetivoEn diciembre de 2019, Wuhan, China, experimentó un brote de enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Algunos pacientes ingresados en nuestro hospital fueron tratados con posicionamiento temprano en decúbito prono (PP). En este estudio analizamos su significación clínica.MétodosEstudio retrospectivo observacional en el que definimos el PP temprano como aquellos pacientes con COVID-19 que fueron posicionados en decúbito prono dentro de las 24 horas siguientes a su ingreso, sirviendo el resto de los pacientes como grupo control. Registramos los datos básicos y los resultados de PP temprano, comparando dichos resultados con los de los controles. (AU)

Early prone positioning therapy for patients with mild COVID-19 disease.

OBJECTIVE: In December 2019, Wuhan, China, experienced an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Some patients admitted to our hospital were treated with early prone positioning (PP). Here, we analyzed its clinical significance. METHODS: This was a retrospective observational study. We defined the early PP group as mild COVID-19 patients who were placed into a prone position within 24h of admission; others served as the control group. We recorded basic data and outcomes of early PP and compared the results to those of controls. RESULTS: After 1 day of treatment, oxygenation was greater in the early PP group than in the control group (P/F: 421.6±39.74 vs. 382.1±38.84mmHg [1mmHg=0.133kPa], p<0.01). And early PP group spent less total time in prone position (11.1±4.17 vs. 16.9±5.20 days, p<0.01), and required shorter hospitalization duration (12.2±4.49 vs. 23.2±4.83 days, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Early PP treatment can improve hypoxia and shorten the prone position time and hospitalization duration in mild COVID-19 patients. It is a potential clinically applicable intervention.

Pacientes críticos COVID-19 atendidos por anestesiólogos en el Noroeste de España: estudio multicéntrico, prospectivo, observacional / Critically ill COVID-19 patients attended by anesthesiologists in northwestern Spain: a multicenter prospective observational study

Antecedentes y objetivos: Existe poca información sobre la evolución, complicaciones y los tratamientos recibidos por los pacientes críticos con COVID-19 que requieren ingreso en una unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI). El objetivo de este estudio es describir la evolución clínica, los tratamientos utilizados, las complicaciones y resultados de pacientes críticos COVID-19 ingresados en siete UCI de Anestesiología en la Región de Galicia durante el pico de la pandemia en marzo-abril 2020. Métodos: Entre el 21 de marzo y el 19 de abril de 2020 evaluamos a todos los pacientes críticos COVID-19 ingresados en las UCI de Anestesiología de siete hospitales en Galicia, en el Noroeste de España. Los resultados, complicaciones y los tratamientos administrados se registraron hasta el 6 de mayo de 2020, fecha final del seguimiento. Resultados: Un total de 97 pacientes críticos COVID-19 fueron incluidos. Durante su estancia en UCI, 80 pacientes (82,5%) necesitaron ventilación mecánica, y 22 pacientes (22,7%) traqueotomía. El decúbito prono se usó frecuentemente en pacientes intubados (67,5%) y despiertos (27,8%). Las medicaciones usadas fueron antivirales (92,7%), corticoides (93,8%), tocilizumab (57,7%), y dosis intermedias y altas de anticoagulantes (83,5%). Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron infecciones adquiridas en UCI (52,6%), eventos trombóticos (16,5%), y reintubaciones (9,3%). Tras un seguimiento medio de 42 (34-45) días, 15 pacientes fallecieron (15,5%), 73 pacientes (75,2%) habían sido dados de alta de UCI y nueve pacientes (9,3%) permanecían todavía en la unidad. Conclusiones: Un alto porcentaje de nuestros pacientes críticos COVID-19 requirieron ventilación mecánica, posición prona, medicaciones antivirales, corticoides y anticoagulantes. Las complicaciones en UCI fueron frecuentes, principalmente infecciones y eventos trombóticos. Tuvimos una mortalidad relativamente baja del 15,5%.(AU)

Background and objectives: There are limited information on outcome, complications and treatments of critically ill COVID-19 patients requiring admission to an intensive care unit (ICU). The aim of this study is to describe the clinical ICU course, treatments used, complications and outcomes, of critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted in seven ICU in Galicia region during the 2020 March-April pandemic peak. Methods: Between March 21 and April 19, 2020, we evaluated critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU of Anesthesia of seven hospitals in Galicia, northwestern Spain. Outcome, complications, and treatments were monitored until May 6, 2020, the final date of follow-up. Results: A total of 97 critically ill COVID-19 patients were included. During ICU stay, mechanical ventilation became necessary in 80 (82.5%) patients, and tracheostomy in 22 (22.7%) patients. Prone position was used frequently in both intubated (67.5%) and awake (27.8%) patients. Medications consisted of antivirals agents (92.7%), corticosteroids (93.8%), tocilizumab (57.7%), and intermediate or high doses of anticoagulants (83.5%). The most frequent complications were ICU-acquired infection (52.6%), thrombosis events (16.5%), and reintubation (9.3%). After a median follow-up of 42 (34-45) days, 15 patients (15.5%) deceased, 73 patients (75.2%) had been discharged from ICU, and nine patients (9.3%) were still in the ICU. Conclusions: A high proportion of our critically ill COVID-19 patients required mechanical ventilation, prone positioning, antiviral medication, corticosteroids, and anticoagulants. ICU complications were frequent, mainly infections and thrombotic events. We had a relatively low mortality of 15,5%.(AU)